The media has made great strides towards more inclusive language in recent years. Reporters and content producers can continue to support people living with HIV and affected communities by avoiding language and terms that inflame stigma, and ensuring reporting conveys both the social experiences and the complex science of HIV.
Key considerations:
- Don’t confuse HIV and AIDS
Don’t confuse HIV with AIDS. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). While linked, these terms refer to distinct diagnoses and shouldn’t be used interchangeably.
In the early years of the epidemic, HIV often progressed quickly to AIDS, but many with HIV now live long and healthy lives, especially with early treatment. People with HIV are usually described as ‘HIV-positive,’ indicating a positive result from a blood test screening for HIV antibodies. AIDS describes the most advanced stages of HIV infection, characterised by a severely weakened immune system and debilitating symptoms. However, modern treatments have made AIDS diagnoses rare in Australia.
- Avoid labelling
Many people with HIV reject terms like ‘victim’ and ‘sufferer’ as patronising and disempowering. Referring to some as ‘innocent victims’, such as children with HIV or people with medically-acquired HIV, suggests blame on others who acquired HIV in other ways, fuelling stigma.
- Avoid stereotyping
People living with HIV are a diverse population and come from all walks of life. The notion that HIV only affects people belonging to ‘high-risk groups’ is wrong and potentially damaging to public health measures aiming to educate the public about high-risk practices.
Everyone has a responsibility to minimise the risk of HIV transmission. It is important to avoid making value judgments about how people acquire HIV and instead focus on reporting on its impact. Value judgements may be made accidentally or implied through stigmatising language.
- Respect confidentiality
People with HIV often face discrimination due to their status. Their HIV status should not be disclosed without explicit permission unless it’s a public record (e.g., court proceedings). Even then, assess if the disclosure is relevant. If seeking permission, ensure the person understands the potential repercussions.
Guiding principles for ethical reporting
Journalists uphold ethical standards outlined by the Media Alliance Code of Ethics, including:
- Truthfulness and public information rights
- Accountability and scrutiny of power
Commitment to honesty, fairness, independence and respect for others’ rights.